Epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Nanping City, Fujian Province from 2012 to 2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Nanping City, Fujian province and to provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures as well as evaluating the efficacy of prevention and treatment. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence data of HFMD in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. Results　A total of 49 231 cases of HFMD were reported in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. The incidence fluctuated greatly over the 10-year period, ranging from 76.10/100 000 to 308.93/100 000, with an average incidence of 184.99/100 000 per year. The overall incidence and the number of cases showed a fluctuating downward trend over time, but the incidence was high in the next year, and there were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates between different years(χ2=8 169.176, P<0.001). There were significant regional differences in the incidence, the top three average annual incidence rates were: Guanze County (370.76/100 000), Zhenghe County (295.31/100 000) and Wuyishan City (250.31/100 000). There were two peaks of HFMD incidence each year, with the first occurring in May and June and the second occurring in September and October. The incidence rate was higher among males (215.86/100 000) than females (152.93/100 000), and males were more susceptible than females (RR=1.412, 95%CI=1.387-1.438). The cases were mainly aged 0-4 years, accounting for 86.25% (42 461/49 231) of all cases, and the incidence rate gradually decreased with increasing age (χ2trend=570,105.801, P<0.001). The majority of cases (85.22%, 41 953/49 231) occurred in children living in scattered areas, followed by children in kindergartens (12.39%, 6 101/49 231). The etiological results showed a total of 3 476 laboratory-confirmed cases, and the proportion of three (classes) of enterovirus positivity varied each year, with different pathogen compositions showing statistical significance (χ2=584.613, P<0.001). In addition to the years 2015-2017, during which Cox A16 and EV71 were the dominant strains, other years were dominated by other enteroviruses, with EV71 being the main type in severe and fatal cases of HFMD in Nanping City. Conclusion　Nanping City should strengthen health education for children living in the diaspora and in day-care centers, enhance surveillance of epidemics and pathogenology, improve vaccination rates against EV71, focus on the detection and typing of other enteroviruses, and implement effective prevention and control measures for HFMD.

Development of Quality of Life of College Students Questionnaire and its reliability and validity / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To develop a brief version of Quality of Life of College Students Questionnaire(QOLCS-51) to measure the quality of college students conveniently in time.@*Methods@#Qualitative research and two investigations were applied to shorten and verify the brief questionnaire, and SPSS 22.0 and Lisrel 9.20 were used to analyze the reliability and validity of 2 questionnaires.@*Results@#Quality of Life of College Students Questionnaire-bref was developed by deleting 22 items through qualitative research and 6 items by the first investigation. 952 college students from Jiangsu, Anhui and Shanxi Province were selected to participate in the second investigation, which consisted of five domains and 23 items (QOLCS-23). All 23 items were accepted by analysis of difficulty(0.44-0.68), and all have passed the test of critical ratio(P<0.01), the general related index was 0.33-0.60(P<0.01). 78.3% items distinguished the students with/without dyssomnia. Reliability was tested by test-retest reliability coefficient(0.71-0.86), homogeneity reliability coefficient (Cronbach α=0.845) and exploratory factor analysis (6 factors, i.e. physics domain, three subdomains of psychology domain, behavior domain, social domain and environment domain). Validity was tested by correlations of five domains between QOLCS-51 and QOLCS23(greater than 0.8) and confirmatory factor analysis(χ2/df=12.17, RMSEA=0.05, SRMR=0.07, GFI=0.84, AGFI=0.83, CFI=0.92, IFI=0.92, NFI=0.85, NNFI=0.91).@*Conclusion@#QOLCS51 consists of 23 items of QOLCS23, after deleting 28 items, to assess 5 dimensions of physiology, psychology, behavior, environment and social support with good construction validity and criterion-related validity, and good homogeneity reliability and re-test reliability.

Analyzing the neuropsychological characteristics and changes in serum markers of patients with chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency

Summary Objective: To investigate the neuropsychological characteristics and changes in CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-7, and NSE in serum. Method: Sixty-six (66) patients treated in our hospital as CCCI group were chosen for our study, and 90 patients with depression were selected as the depression group. The patients in both groups were examined with CT perfusion, depression, anxiety and cognition evaluation. Their serum CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-70 and NSE levels were detected. Neuropsychological and serum markers characteristics were compared. Results: The CBF and CBV in bilateral basal ganglia, frontal lobes, greater oval center, brain stem, and left and right regions of occipital lobes of the patients in CCCI group were significantly lower than in the depression group. The HAMD and HAMA scores of CCCI group patients were significantly lower than in the depression group; CCCI group performed better regarding attention, memory, abstract terms and delayed recall. CCCI also had significantly higher total scores than the depression group. Serum CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-70 and NSE levels in CCCI group were significantly higher than in the depression group. The differences reach statistical significance (p<0.05). Conclusion: CCCI patients who are accompanied by minor depressive disorder have different degrees of cognitive impairment and experience a significant rise in serum CRP, S100B, MBP, HSP-70 and NSE.

Insulin resistance in children with nephrotic syndrome with long-term glucocorticoid treatment and its intervention / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) receiving long-term glucocorticoid treatment while monitoring insulin resistance(IR) index,and analyze the influencing factors,and to observe the efficacy of metformin for preventing glucocorticoid-induced obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2.Methods A total of 32 cases including 20 boys and 12 girls with mean age of 7.6 years old(2 to 14 years old),were diagnosed as NS.All children undergoing long-term treatment of prednisone ＞ 1 mg/(kg · d) for at least 3 months.The height,body weight and body mass index(BMI) were monitored.The concentrations of serum insulin and C-peptide were determined by radioimmunoassay,the concentrations of serum HbA1 c were determined by high performance liquid chromatography,and the levels of fasting glucose,cholesterol and triglyceride were measured with an automatic measuring analyzer (American ABBO TT CCX-Ⅱ).The homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) was calculated;When HOMA-IR ＞ 3.5,the patients were given metformin treatment for 12 weeks while supervising their height,weight,fasting blood glucose levels monthly.Results Out of 32 cases of NS with long-term use of prednisone,23 cases had HOMAIR ＞ 3.5 (72％).Thus,IR group included 23 patients,and non-IR (NIR) group had 9 patients.There were significant differences between 2 groups in BMI,age,prednisone dosage and the levels of triglyceride (TG) (all P ＜ 0.05).After 12 weeks of metformin treatment,the HOMA-IR (5.24 ± 1.82 vs 2.54 ± 1.09,P ＜ 0.01),HbA1 c levels [(6.36 ±0.82)％ vs(5.39 ±0.51)％,P ＜0.05],BMI[(27.42 ±6.12) kg/m2 vs(22.72 ±5.48) kg/m2,P ＜0.01],and TG levels[(2.03 ± 1.10) mmol/L vs(1.45 ±0.48) mmol/L,P＜0.05] were significantly reduced.Conclusions Older children with long-term use of glucocorticoid may easily lead to IR.Therefore,monitoring the HOMA-IR and early administration of mefformin is helpful for prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2.

Relationship between Serum TSH Level with Obesity and NAFLD in Euthyroid Subjects / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To explore the relationship between serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level and obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in euthyroid subjects,1322 subjects were subjected to a questionnaire survey and physical examination.Fasting blood samples were collected to test serum TSH,plasma glucose and lipids.Fatty liver was diagnosed by type B ultrasonography.The relationship between serum TSH level and body mass index (BMI),percentage of body fat and NAFLD was analyzed.The results showed that serum TSH level was significantly higher in females than in males at the same group,and it was significantly higher in overweight group than in control group.Levels of body weight,BMI,waist circumference and percentage of body fat were increased in TSH ＞2.5 group compared to TSH ≤2.5 group in women.However,plasma lipids showed no significant differences.In males all the parameters showed no significant differences between two groups.Serum TSH was significantly correlated with body weight,BMI,waist circumference and percentage of body fat after adjustment for age in females.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that percentage of body fat and BMI contributed significantly to the variance of TSH.Serum TSH level was significantly higher in nonalcoholic fatty liver group than in normal group in females.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TSH level was not the independent risk factor of NAFLD.Taken together the data suggest that serum TSH in normal range is significantly correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat in females.And the change of TSH level would not influence the prevalence of NAFLD.

Risk factors for recurrent pneumonia in children: a case-control study / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the risk factors for recurrent pneumonia in children without underlying diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted in 106 children with recurrent pneumonia (case group) and 106 age, gender- and weight-matched children with pneumonia but no recurrence (control group). The children in both groups had no underlying disease. The risk factors for recurrent pneumonia were investigated by the Chi-Square analysis and the multivariate logistic regression model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Chi-Square analysis showed that the percentages with the history of wheezing, allergy (food or medicine) and eczema and the percentage of transient neutropenia in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the wheezing history (OR=13.387, 95% CI: 5.541-32.343), allergic history (food or medicine) (OR=4.267, 95% CI: 2.081-8.751) and transient neutropenia (OR=3.606, 95% CI: 1.806-7.202) were the independent risk factors of recurrent pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS The wheezing history, allergic history and transient neutropenia may increase the risk of recurrence of pneumonia in pneumonic children without underlying diseases.</p>

Mutation analysis of KRT10 gene in a patient with bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the gene mutation in one sporadic case of bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (BCIE), and to explore the relationship between the genotype and phenotype.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>DNA was extracted from the blood samples of the patient with BCIE, unaffected members of the pedigree, and 50 unrelated healthy controls. PCR was used to amplify the hot spot fragment of keratin 1 (KRT1) and keratin 10 (KRT10) gene. The PCR products were directly sequenced to detect the mutations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A heterozygous 467G>A mutation was found in the patient, resulting in the substitution of arginine (R) by histidine (H) in codon 156 (R156H) in the 1A domain of the KRT10 protein but not in the healthy individuals from the family and the 50 unrelated individuals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The mutation of 467G>A in exon 1 of KRT10 gene identified may play a major role in the pathogenic mechanism of this case of BCIE.</p>

Effects of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor on body weight and glucose tolerance in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Many studies have shown that glucocorticoids play a crucial role in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of long-term inhibition of glucocorticoid activity on obesity and insulin resistance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly fed with a high-fat diet (fat content accounting for 20% of total calorie) (control group, n=8) or with a high-fat diet along with glycyrrhetic acid (GE, 800 mg/L), an inhibitor of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD) for 24 weeks (GE-treated group, n=9). The body weights and the amount of food intake were monitored weekly and daily, respectively. After 24 weeks of GE treatment, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. Blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. The levels of plasma glucocorticoids, insulin and leptin were measured with radioimmunoassay. The levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were determined with an automatic measuring analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The food intake amount decreased significantly in the GE-treated group from 6 weeks and body weight gain was markedly less from 8 weeks after GE administration compared with the control group. After 24 weeks of treatment, the plasma levels of leptin and insulin in GE-treated rats were significantly reduced compared with the control group. The serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride decreased markedly compared with the control group and the levels of blood glucose were significantly lower 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after oral glucose load in the GE-treated group compared with the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Long-term GE treatment may contribute to resisting diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.</p>

Effects of D-limonene on leukemia cells HL-60 and K562 in vitro / 中国实验血液学杂志

To investigate the effects of D-limonene (D-L) on the cell growth and apoptosis in HL-60, K562 cells and to elucidate its mechanism, the influence of D-L on proliferation of HL-60 and K562 cells was determined by propidium iodide assay, the expression levels of mutant p53, bcl-2, bax gene were detected by cell morphological analysis, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry staining, the D-L-inducing HL-60 and K562 cell apoptosis in vitro was observed systematically. The results showed that D-L inhibited HL-60 and K562 cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner with the IC50 of 0.75 mmol/L similarly, D-L induced apoptosis of HL-60 and K562 cells, and expression of bcl-2 gene was down regulated by D-L in a concentration-dependent manner in HL-60 cells. The bcl-2, mutant type of p53 genes were down regulated while bax gene was up regulated by D-L in a concentration-dependent manner in K562 cells. It is concluded that D-L can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of HL-60 and K562 cells. The bcl-2, mutant type of p53 and bax may be involved in the gene regulation of D-L-induced apoptosis.

Construction and Identification of Lentiviral-Mediated RNA Interference Vector of Rat Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 3 Gene / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the construction of the lentiviral-mediated RNA interference(RNAi) vector targering rat suppressors of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3) gene.Methods Three target sequences were selected by on-line designer software on Ambion according to rat SOCS3 mRNA sequence(NM053565),the complementary DNA contained both sense and antisense oligonucleotides were designed and synthesized.After annealing,these double strands DNA were cloned to pRNA-Lenti-green fluorescent protein(GFP),which contained U6 promoter and GFP.The resulting Lentiviral vector containing SOCS3 shRNA was named pRNA-Lenti-SOCS3-GFP.After the rat glioma cells(C6)were transduced with the constructed 1entiviral vectors,real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the level of SOCS3 expression(including siRNA1 group,siRNA2 group,siRNA3 group,vacuity group and siRNA-Negative group).The pRNA-Lenti-SOCS3-GFP and Lentivector Pakaging plasmid mix were cotransfected into 293T to package Lentivirus particles.Culture supematant was harvested,then the virus titer was determined by serial dilution assay.Results The SOCS3 mRNA sequence was successfully cloned to pRNA-Lenti-GFP,which was proved by PCR and DNA sequence.Compared with control group,the SOCS3 mRNA expressions were obviously suppressed in all 3 experimental groups,especially the expression rate in siRNA1 group was reduced by 80%.The Lentiviral particle titer was determined by serial dilution assay with 1.0?1010 TU?L-1.Conclusion The lentiviral-mediated RNAi vector of rat SOCS3 gene has been constructed successfully,this may provide a potential tool for studying and treating SOCS3-related diseases.